Liên từ trong tiếng anh: Cấu tạo, cách dùng & bài tập áp dụng
+ Liên từ đẳng lập: and, but, or, nor, for, yet, so.
+ Liên từ phụ thuộc: although, because, since, unless.
Ta có thể xem xét liên từ từ 3 khía cạnh
1. Cấu tạo của Liên từ gồm 3 dạng chính
- Từ đơn ví dụ: and, but, because, although
- Từ ghép (thường kết thúc bằng as hoặc that)ví dụ: provided that, as long as, in order that
- Tương liên (đi cùng với trạng từ hoặc tính từ)ví dụ: so...that
2. Hai chức năng cơ bản của Liên từ
- Liên từ đẳng lập: được dùng để nối 2 phần trong một câu có vai trò ngữ pháp độc lập với nhau. Đó có thể là các từ đơn hoặc các mệnh đề. Ví dụ:
- Liên từ phụ thuộc: được dùng để nối mệnh đề phụ thuộc với mệnh đề chính của câu. Ví dụ: - I went swimming although it was cold.
3. Vị trí của liên từ trong tiếng anh
- Liên từ đẳng lập: luôn luôn đứng giữa 2 từ hoặc 2 mệnh đề mà nó liên kết
- Liên từ phụ thuộc: thường đứng đầu mệnh đề phụ thuộc.
* Các tình huống giao tiếp tiếng anh thông dụng
Liên từ đẳng lập
- and, but, or, nor, for, yet, so
Hãy xem những ví dụ sau – 2 thành tố trong ngoặc vuông được nối với nhau bởi một liên từ đẳng lập
- I like [tea] and [coffee].
- [Ram likes tea], but [Anthony likes coffee].
- I want to work as an interpreter in the future, so I am studying Russian at university.
- She is kind so she helps people.
- He drinks beer, whisky, wine, and rum.
- He drinks beer, whisky, wine and rum.
Liên từ phụ thuộc
- after, although, as, because, before, how, if, once, since, than, that, though, till, until, when, where, whether, while
Mệnh đề chính liên từ phụ thuộc mệnh đề phụ
Kiến thức nâng cao về Liên Từ trong tiếng anh:
Diễn tả thời gian
- While: she was eating while her husband was fixing his car
- When: when you develop products, it is important to conduct a market research
- Since: he has served this company since he graduated
- Before: Before you leave the office, remember to turn off all the lights
- After: After he returned to the office, he got a private phone call
- As soon as: As soon as I come home, please let her know
- Because: Because it was submitted late, the report was returned
- Since: Since you left him, he is now addicted to wine
- As: The economy added 10,000 jobs in the second quarter as ber domestic demands encouraged companies to hire more workers
Diễn tả điều kiện:
- If/once: If you want to see him, call me any time
- Unless: Unless he calls, I will leave right away
- As long as (miễn là): he agrees to take the job as long as the salary is high
- Provided that/ providing: I will lend him money provided that he pays me on time
Một số liên từ thường gặp khi:
Liên từ đẳng lập( Liên từ song song ) | Liên từ phụ thuộc( Liên từ chính phụ) |
AND
Ví dụ: She is a good and loyal wife.
I have many books and notebooks.
BOTH ... AND
Ví dụ: She is both good and loyal.
They learn both English and French.
AS WELL AS
Ví dụ: He has experience as well as knowledge.
NO LESS THAN
Ví dụ: You no less than he are very rich.
NOT ONLY ... BUT (ALSO)
Ví dụ: He learns not only English but but (also) Chinese.
I like playing not only tennis but (also) football.
OR
Ví dụ: Hurry up, or you will be late.
EITHER...OR
Ví dụ: He isn't either good or kind.
I don't have either books or notebooks.
NEITHER ... NOR
Ví dụ: He drinks neither wine nor beer.
She has neither husband nor children.
BUT
Ví dụ: He is intelligent but very lazy.
She is ugly but hard-working.
THEN
Ví dụ: You have eaten nothing; then you must be very hungry.
The plant looks very faded; then it hasn't been watered for long.
CONSEQUENTLY (Do đó, kết quả là)
Ví dụ: You didn't work hard for this term; consequently, he failed the exam.
HOWEVER
Ví dụ: He is a very lazy student; however, he can pass all the exams easily.
It was raining very hard; however, we went out without umbrellar.
NEVERTHELESS (Tuy nhiên)
Ví dụ: She studies very hard; nevertheless, she always gets bad marks.
STILL, YET
Ví dụ: I speak to you peaceably; still/yet you will not listen.
She says she does not love me, yet, I still love her.
OR, ELSE, OTHERWISE
Ví dụ: We have to work hard, or/else/otherwise we will fail the exam.
ONLY
Ví dụ: Go where you like; only do not stay here.
THEREFORE (Do đó, do vậy)
Ví dụ: He violated the traffic signs, therefore he was punished.
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FOR
Ví dụ: He will surely succeed, for (because) he works hard.
WHEREAS
Ví dụ: He learns hard whereas his friends don't.
Wise men love truth whereas fools avoid it.
WHILE
Ví dụ: Don't sing while you work.
Don't talk while you eat.
BESIDES, MOREOVER
Ví dụ: We have to study hard at school; besides, we must pay attention
to physical exercise.
He stole two watches; moreover, he broke the window.
SO
Ví dụ: He is a good teacher; so, he is very popular with students.
It rained very hard; so, we didn't go out that night.
HENCE
Ví dụ: I had not money about me; hence I did not buy the book.
He came late; hence, he missed the first part of the lesson.
- Liên từ nối mệnh đề (như trạng ngữ):
a. Thời gian (Time):
AFTER
Ví dụ: A man shoud take a little rest, after he has worked hard.
The ship was checked carefully after she had been built.
AS
Ví dụ: He came her, as the clock struck six.
They left as the bell rang..
AS SOON AS (Ngay khi)
Ví dụ: I will phone you as soon as I come home.
They will get married as soon as they finish university.
BEFORE
Ví dụ: Don't count your chickens before they are hatchd.
He talks as if he were very wise. học tiếng anh giao tiếp
Ví dụ: He has been very weak, since he was taken sick.
AS LONG AS (Miễn là)
Ví dụ: No one can harm us, as long as we remain friends.
I will lend you some money as long as you promise to pay me back.
UNTIL
Ví dụ: People do not know the value of health until they lose it.
WHEN
Ví dụ: When you visit this country, you should bring thick winter clothes.
WHILE
Ví dụ: Make hay while the sun shines.
Step while you dance.
b. Nơi chốn (Places):
WHERE
Ví dụ: The bed room is the best place where I do my homework.
WHEREVER
Ví dụ: His mother follows him wherever he goes.
I will go wherever to find a suitable job for me.
c. Thể cách (Manner):
AS
Ví dụ: Do as I told you to do.
AS IF
Ví dụ: He talks as if he knew everything about her.
He dances as if he were a professional dancer.
d. So sánh (Comparisons):
AS
Ví dụ: He is as tall as his brother.
This bag is as expensive as that one.
THAN
Ví dụ: She is more beautiful than her sister.
She looks fatter than his friend.
e. Lí do (Reasons):
AS
Ví dụ: As it rained very hard, we stopped they games.
BECAUSE
Ví dụ: We could not pass the test because we didn't learn hard.
I didn't meet her because she had left earlier.
SINCE
Ví dụ: I must go since she has telephoned three times.
f. Mục đích (Purposes):
THAT
Ví dụ: I work hard that I may succeed in life.
SO THAT
Ví dụ: We went very early so that we could catch the last bus.
IN ORDER THAT
Ví dụ: We learn French in order to study in France .
g. Điều kiện (Conditions) :
IF
Ví dụ: I will phone him if I have his phone number.
UNLESS (IF NOT)
Ví dụ: You will be late unless you set off now.
Unless you work hard, you will not pass the exam.
PROVIDED THAT
Ví dụ: I will pardon him provided that he acknowledge his fault.
You can enter the room provided that you have the ticket..
IN CASE
Ví dụ: You should take an umbrella in case it rains.
Please take a map with you in case (that) you may get lost.
h. Sự tương phản, trái ngược:
ALTHOUGH, THOUGH, EVEN THOUGH
Ví dụ: Though/even though /although it rained hard, I went out with her.
AS
Ví dụ: Rich as he is, his isn't ever happy.
EVEN IF
Ví dụ: Even if my watch is right, we will be too late.
NOT WITH STANDING THAT
Ví dụ: He is poor not with standing that he works very hard.
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