Vu Le Hoang

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<b>STT</b></div>
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<b>XÉT NGHIỆM<br />GIÁ TRỊ BÌNH THƯỜNG</b></div>
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<b>Ý NGHĨA LÂM SÀNG</b></div>
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1</div>
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α- Amylase<br />
Huyết tương: 20 - 220 U/L<br />
Nước tiểu: < 1000 U/L</div>
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- α-Amylase có nhiều trong tuỵ ngoại tiết và tuyến nước bọt.<br />
- Hoạt độ α- amylase huyết tương, nước tiểu tăng trong viêm tuỵ cấp, viêm tuỵ mạn, chấn thương tuỵ, ung thư tuỵ, các chấn thương ổ bụng, viêm tuyến nước bọt (quai bị),…<br />
- Mặc dù α- amylase huy</div>
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2</div>
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Apo-AI<br />
Nam: 104-202 mg/Dl<br />
Nữ: 108-225mg/dL</div>
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- Nồng độ Apo-AI huyết tương giảm trong rối loạn lipid máu, bệnh mạch vành.</div>
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3</div>
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Apo-B100<br />
Nam: 66-133 mg/dL<br />
Nữ: 60-117mg/dL.</div>
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- Nồng độ Apo-B100 huyết tương tăng , nguy cơ vữa xơ động mạch.</div>
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4</div>
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Tỷ số Apo-B<br />
100/ Apo AI: < 1</div>
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- Tỷ số Apo- B tăng  có  nguy cơ vữa xơ động mạch.</div>
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5</div>
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Glucose<br />
Huyết tương: 4,2-6,4 mmol/L<br />
Nước tiểu: âm tính</div>
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- Bình thường glucose huyết tương khi đói < 6,1 mmol/L, nếu mức độ glucose huyết tương  khi đói ≥ 7,0 mmol/L trong ít nhất 2 lần xét nghiệm liên tiếp ở các ngày khác nhau thì bị đái tháo đường (diabetes mellitus).<br />
- Khi làm nghiệm pháp dung nạp glucose</div>
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6</div>
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HbA1c<br />
4,2-6,4%</div>
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- HbA1c phụ thuộc vào đời sống hồng cầu (120 ngày), nên nồng độ HbA1c cao có giá trị đánh giá sự tăng nồng độ glucose máu trong thời thời gian 2-3 tháng trước thời điểm làm xét nghiệm hiện tại.</div>
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7</div>
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Insulin máu<br />
5-20 mU/mL</div>
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- Tăng khi tuỵ hoạt động bình thường, đái tháo đường týp I, béo phì, .</div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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- Giảm khi tuỵ hoạt động yếu, đái tháo đường týp I</div>
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8</div>
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Cholesterol</div>
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- Tăng cholesterol bẩm sinh, rối loạn glucid-lipid, vữa xơ động mạch, cao huyết áp, nhồi máu cơ tim cấp, ăn nhiều thịt, trứng.</div>
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<br /></div>
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3,6 - 5,2 mmol/L</div>
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- Giảm khi bị đói kéo dài, nhiễm ure huyết, ung thư giai đoạn cuối, nhiễm trùng huyết, cường giáp, bệnh Basedow, thiếu máu, suy gan.</div>
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9</div>
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Triglycerid</div>
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-         Tăng trong hội chứng tăng lipid máu nguyên phát và thứ phát, vữa xơ động mạch, bệnh lý về dự trữ glycogen, hội chứng thận hư, viêm tụy, suy gan. Nếu quá 11 mmol/L có thể dẫn đến viêm tụy cấp tính.</div>
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<br /></div>
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0,46-2,2 mmol/L</div>
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-         Giảm trong xơ gan, một số bệnh mạn tính, suy kiệt, cường tuyến giáp.</div>
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10</div>
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HDL-C</div>
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- tăng có tác dụng làm giảm nguy cơ xơ vữa động mạch và bệnh mạch vành.</div>
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<br /></div>
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0,9 - 2 mmol/L</div>
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- Giảm trong xơ vữa động mạch, bệnh mạch vành, béo phì, hút thuốc lá.</div>
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11</div>
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LDL-C</div>
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Tăng trong nguy cơ xơ vữa động mạch và bệnh mạch vành.</div>
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<br /></div>
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1,8 - 3,9 mmol/L</div>
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<br /></div>
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12</div>
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Fructosamin</div>
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- Fructosamin được tạo thành do sự gắn của glucose vào albumin (có thời gian bán huỷ khoảng 20  ngày) nhờ sự glycosyl hoá không cần enzym.</div>
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<br /></div>
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2,0 - 2,8 mmol/L</div>
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- Nồng độ fructosamin huyết tương phản ánh nồng độ glucose máu 2-3 tuần trước thời điểm làm xét nghiệm.</div>
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13</div>
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Ure</div>
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Nước tiểu/ 24 giờ:<br />
338 - 538 mmol/ 24 giờ</div>
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Huyết tương:</div>
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2,5 - 7,5 mmol/L</div>
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- Ure niệu tăng ăn giảm protein, cường giáp trạng, dùng thuốc thyoxin,  sau phẫu thuật, sốt cao, đường máu cao trong giai đoạn đầu của bệnh đái tháo đường.</div>
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- Ure niệu giảm trong tổn thương thận (urea máu tăng) viêm thận, sản giật, chảy máu nhau thai, thiểu niệu, vô niệu, giảm sự tạo ure, bệnh gan, ...</div>
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- Ure máu giảm do đi tiểu ít, mất nước, bệnh cầu thận, u tiền liệt tuyến, suy gan, chế độ ăn nghèo đạm, ăn chế độ nhiều rau, các tổn thương gan nặng gây giảm khả năng tạo ure từ  NH3, ...</div>
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- Ure máu tăng trong sốt kéo dài, nhiễm trùng huyết, chấn thương, ung thư hoặc u lành tiền liệt tuyến, sỏi, do chế độ ăn giàu đạm, tăng chuyển hoá đạm, chức năng thận bị tổn thương, suy tim ứ trệ.</div>
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<br /></div>
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14</div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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Creatinin<br />
- Nước tiểu: 5,6 -12,6 mmol/24 giờ<br />
- Huyết tương: 53- 120 mmol/L</div>
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<br /></div>
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- Nồng độ creatinin nước tiểu tăng trong bệnh to cực chứng khổng lồ, đái tháo đường, nhiễm trùng, nhược giáp trạng,...</div>
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- Nồng độ creatinin nước tiểu giảm trong các bệnh thận tiến triển, viêm thận, bệnh bạch cầu, suy gan, thiếu máu,...</div>
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- Nồng độ creatinin huyết tương tăng trong thiểu năng thận, tổn thương thận, viêm thận cấp và mạn, bí đái, suy thận, tăng huyết áp vô căn, nhồi máu cơ tim cấp.</div>
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- Nồng độ creatinin huyết tương giảm trong phù viêm, viêm thận, suy gan</div>
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15</div>
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<br /></div>
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Protein toàn phần huyết thanh</div>
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46 - 82 g/L</div>
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- Tăng trong đa u tuỷ xương, nôn mửa nhiều, ỉa chảy nặng, mất nhiều mồ hôi khi sốt cao kéo dài, thiểu nặng vỏ thượng thận, đái tháo đường nặng.</div>
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<span lang="EN-US">- Giảm t</span></div>
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rong viêm thận cấp hoặc mạn tính, thận hư (đặc biệt là thận hư nhiễm mỡ), mất nhiều protein qua đường ruột (do hấp thụ kém),...</div>
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16</div>
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Albumin</div>
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Trong mất nước, nôn nhiều, tiêu chảy nặng, ...</div>
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<br /></div>
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38 -51 g/L</div>
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Trong hội chứng thận có protein niệu, các bệnh gan nặng, thận hư nhiễm mỡ, viêm thận mạn, bỏng, eczema, dinh dưỡng kém, phụ nữ có thai, người già, ...</div>
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17</div>
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Tỷ số A/ G</div>
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Do thiếu hay không có globulin.</div>
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<br /></div>
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1,2-1,8</div>
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Tỷ số A/G giảm < 1 thường do giảm albumin hoặc tăng globulin hoặc do phối hợp cả hai. Albumin giảm trong suy dinh dưỡng, suy kiệt, lao, ung thư; tăng globulin trong đa u tủy, nhiễm khuẩn,bệnh collagen; giảm albumin và tăng globulin gặp trong xơ gan, viêm thận cấp, hội chứng thận hư nhiễm mỡ.</div>
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18</div>
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<br /></div>
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Acid uric</div>
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Nam 140-420 μmol/L</div>
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Nữ 120-380 μmol/L.</div>
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Trong bệnh Gout (thống phong), nhiễm khuẩn, thiếu máu ác tính, đa hồng cầu, thiểu năng thận, cường cận giáp trạng.</div>
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Trong bệnh Wilson, teo gan vàng da cấp, suy thận, ...</div>
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19</div>
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Natri<br />
Huyết thanh: 135 -150 mmol/L<br />
Nước tiểu/ 24 giờ: 152-282 mmol/24 giờ</div>
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- Tăng khi ăn, uống quá nhiều muối, mất nước, suy tim, viêm thận không có phù, viêm não, phù tim hoặc phù thận, khi điều trị bằng corticoid,…<br />
- Giảm trong trường hợp mất nhiều muối, say nắng, ra nhiều mồ hôi, nôn mửa, ỉa chảy, suy vỏ thượng thận, khi điều trị thuốc lợi tiểu kéo dài,...</div>
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20</div>
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Kali</div>
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Trong viêm thận, thiểu năng thận (có vô niệu hoặc thiểu niệu), nhiễm xetonic đái đường, ngộ độc nicotin, thuốc ngủ, Addison- thiểu năng vỏ thượng thận,...</div>
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<br /></div>
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3,5 -5,0 mmol/L</div>
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Khi thiếu kali đưa vào cơ thể, mất kali bất thường ở đường tiêu hoá: nôn mửa kéo dài, ỉa chảy, tắc ruột, hẹp thực quản,...</div>
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21</div>
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Clo</div>
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Trong mất nước, tiêm truyền Natri quá mức, chấn thương sọ não, nhiễm kiềm hô hấp,...</div>
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<br /></div>
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95 - 110 mmol/L</div>
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Trong nôn mửa kéo dài, mất nhiều mồ hôi, bỏng nặng, ăn chế độ bệnh lý ít muối,...</div>
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<tr style="height: 98.65pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 98.65pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
22</div>
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Calci<br />
- Huyết thanh:<br />
2,2- 2,6 mmol/L<br />
- Nước tiểu/24 giờ:<br />
2,5 -7,5 mmol/ 24 giờ<br />
- Calci ion hoá:<br />
1,17 - 1,29 mmol/ L</div>
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- Tăng trong ưu năng tuyến cận giáp, dùng nhiều Vitamin D, ung thư (xương, vú, phế quản), đa u tuỷ xương.<br />
<br />
- Giảm trong thiểu năng tuyến cận giáp, gây co giật, tetani, thiếu vitamin D, còi xương, các bệnh về thận, viêm tụy cấp, thưa xương, loãng xương,...</div>
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<tr style="height: 99.35pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 99.35pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
23</div>
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Bilirubin TP</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
3 - 17 μmol/L</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
Bilirubin LH (TT)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
0,1 - 4,2 μmol/L</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
Bilirubin TD (GT)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
3-13,6 μmol/L</div>
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- Bilirubin TP huyết tương tăng trong các trường hợp vàng da do: tan huyết, viêm gan, tắc mật.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
- Bilirubin TD huyết tương tăng trong vàng da trước gan: tan huyết (thiếu máu tan huyết, sốt rét, truyền nhầm nhóm máu, vàng da ở trẻ sơ sinh).</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
- Bilirubin LH tăng trong vàng da tại gan và sau gan: viêm gan, tắc mật, xơ gan.</div>
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24</div>
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CRP</div>
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- CRP huyết thanh tăng trong các phản ứng viêm cấp như nhồi máu cơ tim, tắc mạch, nhiễm khuẩn, bệnh mạn tính như bệnh khớp, viêm ruột, cũng như trong một số ung thư như bệnh Hodgkin, K thận.</div>
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<br /></div>
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(C reactive protein: protein phản ứng C)</div>
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- CRP còn là xét nghiệm để đánh giá mức độ nặng và tiên lượng của viêm tuỵ cấp, CRP ≥150 mg/L  là viêm tuỵ cấp nặng.</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 14.25pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
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0-6 mg/L</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 361.45pt;" width="482"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 14.25pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
25</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
LDH</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 361.45pt;" width="482"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
- LDH có nhiều trong tim, gan và cơ.</div>
</td></tr>
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<br /></div>
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200 - 480 U/L</div>
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- Hoạt độ LDH huyết tương tăng trong nhồi máu cơ tim, viêm cơ tim, loạn nhịp tim nặng, chấn thương tim hoặc phẫu thuật tim.</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 14.25pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
26</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
CK</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 361.45pt;" width="482"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
- CK có nhiều trong cơ.</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 42.75pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 42.75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 42.75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
25 -  220 U/L</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 42.75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 361.45pt;" width="482"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
- Hoạt độ CK huyết tương tăng trong nhồi máu cơ tim, viêm cơ tim, đau thắt ngực, loạn nhịp tim nặng, chấn thương tim hoặc phẫu thuật tim.</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 14.25pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
27</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
CK-MB</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 361.45pt;" width="482"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
- CK-MB là một isoenzym của CK, có nhiều ở cơ tim.</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 42.75pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 42.75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
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1 - 25 U/L</div>
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- Hoạt độ CK-MB huyết tương tăng trong nhồi máu cơ tim cấp, viêm cơ tim, đau thắt ngực, loạn nhịp tim nặng, chấn thương tim hoặc phẫu thuật tim.</div>
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28</div>
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ALT (GPT)</div>
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- Enzym ALT có nhiều trong bào tương của tế bào gan.</div>
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10 - 40 U/L</div>
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- Hoạt độ ALT huyết tương tăng trong bệnh lý gan mật: viêm gan cấp, nhất là viêm gan do virus  các týp A, B, C, D, E, nhiễm ký sinh trùng (sán lá gan), nhiễm độc rượu, nấm độc, ngộ độc thức ăn.</div>
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29</div>
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AST (GOT)</div>
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- Enzym AST có nhiều trong cả bào tương và ty thể của các tế bào gan, tim và cơ.</div>
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10 - 37 U/L</div>
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- Hoạt độ AST huyết tương tăng (>ALT) trong nhồi máu cơ tim.</div>
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- Hoạt độ AST huyết tương tăng trong bệnh cơ (loạn dưỡng cơ, viêm cơ, tiêu myoglobin) và các bệnh khác như viêm da, viêm tuỵ cấp, tổn thương ruột, nhồi máu phổi, nhồi máu thận, nhồi máu não,</div>
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30</div>
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ChE</div>
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- ChE trong huyết tương được tổng hợp bởi gan.</div>
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Nam: 4,9-11,5 kU/L</div>
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- Hoạt độ ChE huyết tương giảm trong suy gan, xơ gan (do khả năng tổng hợp của gan giảm), ngộ độc hoá chất trừ sâu loại phospho hữu cơ hoặc carbamat.</div>
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Nữ:    3,9-10,8 kU/L</div>
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31</div>
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GGT (g-GT)</div>
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- GGT có nhiều ở gan, do các tế bào biểu mô đường mật bài tiết ra.</div>
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5 ? 45 U/L</div>
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- Hoạt độ GGT huyết tương tăng khi các tế bào biểu mô đường mật bị cảm ứng tăng tổng hợp enzym như trong tắc mật, viêm gan do rượu, tổn thương tế bào gan.</div>
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32</div>
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GLDH</div>
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- GLDH chỉ có trong ty thể của tế bào, có nhiều ở gan.</div>
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Nam < 4 U/L</div>
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- Hoạt độ GLDH huyết tương tăng do tổn thương nặng các tế bào gan như viêm gan nặng, hoại tử tế bào gan, thiếu oxy mô.</div>
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<br /></div>
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Nữ    < 3 U/L</div>
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<br /></div>
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33</div>
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IL-6 (Interleukine-6)</div>
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- IL-6 đóng vai trò trung gian chủ chốt trong quá trình tổng hợp các protein pha cấp, trong đó có CRP, fibrinogen, ?, IL-6 có thời gian bán huỷ là 2 giờ.</div>
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<br /></div>
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< 10 pg/mL</div>
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- Nồng độ IL-6 huyết thanh tăng có vai trò trong đánh giá mức độ, tiên lượng, biến chứng tại chỗ hoặc suy tạng của viêm tuỵ cấp.</div>
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34</div>
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Lipase</div>
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- Lipase được sản xuất bởi tuỵ, một ít bởi dạ dày, tá tràng, gan và lưỡi.</div>
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<br /></div>
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7 - 59 U/L</div>
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- Hoạt độ Lipase huyết tương tăng có giá trị chẩn đoán viêm tuỵ cấp.</div>
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35</div>
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Microalbumin niệu</div>
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Microalbumin niệu có giá trị theo dõi biến chứng thận sớm ở những bệnh nhân tiểu đường, cao huyết áp.</div>
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<br /></div>
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< 20 mg/L nước tiểu</div>
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<br /></div>
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36</div>
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β2-Microglobulin (β2-M)<br />
Huyết tương: 0,6 - 3mg/L<br />
Nước tiểu: < 350 μg/</div>
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- β2-Microglobulin có trên bề mặt hầu hết các tế bào.</div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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- Nồng độ β2-M huyết tương tăng trong suy thận, bệnh bạch cầu lympho mạn, bệnh Waldenstron, bệnh Kahler, bệnh Lupus ban đỏ rải rác, xơ gan, viêm gan mạn tiến triển.</div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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- Nồng độ β2-M nước tiểu tăng trong giảm khả năng tái hấp thu của ống thận, nhiễm độc kim loại nặng, viêm thận kẽ do ngộ độc thuốc, trước cơn thải loại mảnh ghép cấp.</div>
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37</div>
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Nghiệm pháp Coombs</div>
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-Có  trong các bệnh thiếu máu, tan máu ở trẻ sơ sinh.</div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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- Thiếu máu, tan máu tự miễn.</div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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- Thiếu máu, tan máu do truyền máu, bất đồng nhóm máu người cho và người nhận.</div>
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38</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 42.75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
ALP</div>
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- ALP có nhiều ở gan, xương, nhau thai và biểu mô ruột. Vì vậy, bình thường, hoạt độ ALP huyết tương cũng tăng ở trẻ đang lớn và phụ nữ có thai ở quý 3 của thai kỳ.</div>
</td></tr>
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<br /></div>
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64-306 U/L</div>
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- Hoạt độ ALP huyết tương tăng trong loãng xương, còi xương, u xương, gãy xương đang hàn gắn, viêm gan, tắc mật, xơ gan.</div>
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39</div>
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Myoglobin</div>
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- Myoglobin là một protein có trong bào tương của cơ tim và cơ xương.  Myoglobin có vai trò vận chuyển và dự trữ oxy trong tế bào cơ.</div>
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<br /></div>
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Nam: 28-72 µg/L</div>
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- Nồng độ myoglobin tăng rất sớm (sau 2 giờ) trong nhồi máu cơ tim cấp, trong nhồi máu cơ tim tái phát Nồng độ myoglobin huyết tương đạt cực đại ở 4-12 giờ và trở về mức độ bình thường sau 24 giờ.</div>
</td></tr>
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<br /></div>
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Nữ: 25-58 µg/L</div>
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- Nồng độ myogolbin tăng cũng có thể xảy ra sau tổn thương cơ xương và trong suy thận nặng.</div>
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40</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 57pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
α-HBDH</div>
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- Vì α-HBDH có thời gian bán huỷ (half-life) khá dài (4-5 ngày) nên sự tăng hoạt độ isooenzym α-HBDH huyết tương kéo dài, điều này giúp chẩn đoán nhồi máu cơ tim ở những bệnh nhân đến khám muộn.</div>
</td></tr>
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<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
72-182 U/L</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 361.45pt;" width="482"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
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41</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
TnI</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 361.45pt;" width="482"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
- Nồng độ TnI huyết tương tăng cao khi tổn thương cơ tim (nhồi máu cơ tim).</div>
</td></tr>
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<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
< 0,4mg/ml</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 361.45pt;" width="482"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 28.5pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
42</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
TnT</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 361.45pt;" width="482"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
- Nồng độ TnT huyết tương tăng cao khi tổn thương cơ tim (nhồi máu cơ tim).</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 14.25pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
< 0,01 mg/ml</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 361.45pt;" width="482"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 57pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 57pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
43</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 57pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
NT-ProBNP</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 57pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 361.45pt;" width="482"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
- Nồng độ NT-ProBNP huyết tương tăng vượt quá các giá trị cắt tương ứng với các lứa tuổi, có giá trị trong chẩn đoán suy tim, hội chứng mạch vành cấp (với giá trị chẩn đoán âm tính rất cao, đạt 97-100%).</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 14.25pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
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< 50 tuổi:  < 55pmol/L</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 361.45pt;" width="482"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td></tr>
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<br /></div>
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50-75 tuổi <100pmol/L</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 361.45pt;" width="482"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 14.25pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
>75 tuổi  > 220pmol/L</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 361.45pt;" width="482"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 28.5pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
44</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
Điện giải đồ (Natri, Kali, Clo, Calci, Calci  ion hoá)</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 361.45pt;" width="482"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
Các rối loạn điện giải trong bệnh thận, tim mạch, co giật, mất nước, bệnh hạ calci máu.</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 14.25pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
45</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
Fibrinogen</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 361.45pt;" width="482"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
Bệnh rối loạn đông máu, gan, khớp.</div>
</td></tr>
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46</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
Peptid C</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 361.45pt;" width="482"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
- Peptid C được tạo thành do sự thuỷ phân proinsulin thành insulin, khi tế bào β của tuỵ hoạt động.</div>
</td></tr>
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<br /></div>
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0,2-0,6 mmol/L</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 361.45pt;" width="482"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
-Nồng độ peptid C giảm trong trường hợp tuỵ hoạt động kém hoặc không hoạt động (đái tháo đường typ I).</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 42.75pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 42.75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
47</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 42.75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
PCT (Procalcitonin)</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 42.75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 361.45pt;" width="482"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
-  PCT có thời gian bán huỷ là 24 giờ. PCT tăng nhanh sau nhiễm khuẩn 2 giờ và đạt tối đa sau 24 giờ, sau đó giảm dần nếu tình trạng nhiễm khuẩn được cải thiện.</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 28.5pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
< 0,05 ng/ml</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 361.45pt;" width="482"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
-     PCT là marker đặc hiệu cho nhiễm khuẩn và nhiễm khuẩn huyết.</div>
</td></tr>
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<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 361.45pt;" width="482"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
-     PCT có thể được sử dụng trong chẩn đoán, theo dõi và tiên lượng tình trạng nhiễm khuẩn.</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 57pt;"><td colspan="3" style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: black; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 57pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 552.6pt;" width="737"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
CÁC XÉT NGHIỆM NƯỚC TIỂU</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 57pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 57pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
48</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 57pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
Tổng phân tích nước tiểu</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 57pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 361.45pt;" width="482"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
Tổng phân tích nước tiểu thường được sử dụng trong các bệnh đái tháo đường, nhiễm ceton, đái nhạt, bệnh gan, mật, thận, bệnh viêm đường tiết niệu, đái máu... phát hiện sớm ngộ độc thai nghén.</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 85.5pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 85.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 85.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 85.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 361.45pt;" width="482"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
Bình thường, trừ tỷ trọng và pH nước tiểu có giá trị cụ thể, các chất bất thường trong nước tiểu là những chất có nồng độ rất thấp trong nước tiểu, bằng các xét nghiệm thông thường không phát hiện được (âm tính-negative). Khi phát hiện được (dương tính, positive), chúng dược gọi là  những chất bất thường trong nước tiểu, có ý nghĩa lâm sàng.</div>
</td></tr>
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1. Tỷ trọng</div>
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- Tăng trong: nhiễm khuẩn  gram (?), giảm ngưỡng thận, bệnh lý ống thận. Xơ gan, bệnh lý gan, tiểu đường, nhiễm (keton) do tiểu đường, tiêu chảy mất nước, ói mửa, suy tim xung huyết.</div>
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(SG: specific gravity)</div>
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-  Giảm trong: viêm thận cấp, suy thận mạn, viêm cầu thận, viêm đài bể thận.</div>
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1.015-1,025</div>
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2. Bạch cầu (LEU)</div>
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Bạch cầu trong nước tiểu xuất hiện trong: nhiễm khuẩn thận, nhiễm trùng nước tiểu, nhiễm trùng không có triệu chứng, viêm nội tâm mạc do vi khuẩn.</div>
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Âm tính</div>
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3. Nitrit (NIT)</div>
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Nitrit trong nước tiểu xuất hiện trong: nhiễm khuẩn thận, nhiễm khuẩn nước tiểu, viêm nội tâm mạc, nhiễm khuẩn nước tiểu không triệu chứng.</div>
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Âm tính</div>
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4. pH</div>
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- pH nước tiểu tăng trong nhiễm khuẩn thận (tăng hoặc có lúc giảm), suy thận mạn, hẹp môn vị, nôn mửa.</div>
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4,8-7,4</div>
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- pH nước tiểu giảm trong nhiễm ceton do đái đường, tiêu chảy mất nước.</div>
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5. Hồng cầu (ERY)</div>
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Hồng cầu xuất hiện trong nước tiểu khi: viêm thận cấp (ung thư  thận, bàng quang, sỏi thận, sỏi tiền liệt tuyến), viêm cầu thận, xung huyết thận thụ động, hội chứng K Wilson, hội chứng thận hư, thận đa nang, viêm đài bể thận, đau quặn thận, nhiễm trùng niệu, nhiễm khuẩn nước tiểu, nhiễm khuẩn nước tiểu không có triệu chứng, xơ gan viêm nội tâm mạc bán cấp, cao huyết áp có tan huyết ngoại mạch thận, tan huyết nội mạch có tiêu hemoglobin.</div>
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Âm tính</div>
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6. Protein (PRO)</div>
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Protein xuất hiện trong nước tiểu khi: viêm thận cấp, bệnh thận do đái tháo  đường, viêm cầu thận, hội chứng suy tim xung huyết, K Wilson, cao huyết áp ác tính hội chứng thận hư, bệnh thận đa nang, viêm đài bể thận, bệnh lý ống thận, cao huyết áp lành tính, viêm nội tâm mạc bán cấp.</div>
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Âm tính</div>
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7. Glucose (GLU)</div>
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Glucose xuất hiện trong nước tiểu khi: giảm ngưỡng thận, bệnh lý ống thận, đái tháo đường, viêm tuỵ, glucose niệu do chế độ ăn uống.</div>
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Âm tính</div>
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8. Thể ceton (KET: ketonic bodies)</div>
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Thể ceton xuất hiện trong nước tiểu khi: nhiễm ceton do đái tháo đường, tiêu chảy mất nước,  nôn mửa.</div>
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Âm tính</div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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9. Bilirubin (BIL)</div>
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Xơ gan, bệnh lý gan, vàng da tắc mật (nghẽn tắc một phần hoặc toàn phần, viêm gan do virus hoặc do ngộ độc thuốc, K đầu tụy, sỏi mật).</div>
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<br /></div>
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Âm tính</div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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10. Urobilinogen (UBG)</div>
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Xơ gan, bệnh lý gan, viêm gan do nhiễm khuẩn, virus,  huỷ tế bào gan, tắc ống mật chủ, K đầu tụy, suy tim xung huyết có vàng da.</div>
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<br /></div>
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Âm tính</div>
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<br /></div>
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49</div>
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Soi cặn nước tiểu</div>
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Phát hiện các tế bào, trị niệu, ... trong viêm nhiễm thận, đường tiết niệu, sỏi đường tiết niệu, ...</div>
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Các xét nghiệm Huyết học</div>
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50</div>
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Tổng phân tích máu</div>
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<br /></div>
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1. Số lượng bạch cầu (white blood cells: WBC):</div>
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Tăng trong viêm nhiễm, bệnh máu ác tính, các bệnh bạch cầu, ví dụ như: bệnh bạch cầu dòng tuỷ cấp, bệnh bạch cầu lympho cấp, bệnh bạch cầu dòng tuỷ mạn, bệnh bạch cầu lympho mạn, bệnh u bạch cầu. Việc sử dụng một số thuốc cũng có thể gây tăng số lượng bạch cầu, ví dụ: corticosteroid</div>
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<br /></div>
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40-10 Giga / L</div>
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Giảm trong thiếu máu do bất sản (giảm sản xuất), thiếu hụt vitamin B12 hoặc folate (không trưởng thành được), nhiễm khuẩn (giảm sự sống sót). Việc sử dụng một số thuốc cũng có thể gây giảm số lượng bạch cầu: các phenothiazine, chloramphenicol, aminopyrine.</div>
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<br /></div>
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2. Số lượng hồng cầu (red blood cell count: RBC):</div>
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Tăng trong mất nước, chứng tăng hồng cầu</div>
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<br /></div>
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3,8-5,8 Tera / L.</div>
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Giảm trong  thiếu máu</div>
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<br /></div>
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3. Lượng huyết sắc tố (hemoglobin: Hb): 12-16,5 g / dL.</div>
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Tăng trong mất nước, bệnh tim và bệnh phổi.</div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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Giảm trong  thiếu máu, chảy máu và các phản ứng gây tan máu.</div>
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<br /></div>
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4. Khối hồng cầu (HCT: hematocrit): nam: 39-49%;</div>
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Tăng trong các rối loạn dị ứng, chứng tăng hồng cầu, hút thuốc lá, bệnh phổi tắc nghẽn mạn tính (COPD), bệnh mạch vành, ở trên núi cao, mất nước, chứng giảm lưu lượng máu (hypovolemia.</div>
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<br /></div>
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nữ: 33-43%.</div>
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Giảm trong mất máu, thiếu máu, thai nghén.</div>
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<br /></div>
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5. Thể tích trung bình của một hồng cầu (mean corpuscular volume: MCV) :</div>
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Tăng trong thiếu hụt vitamin B12, thiếu acid folic, bệnh gan, nghiện rượu, chứng tăng hồng cầu, suy tuyến giáp, bất sản tuỷ xương, xơ hoá tuỷ xương.</div>
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<br /></div>
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85-95 fL</div>
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Giảm trong  thiếu hụt sắt, hội chứng thalassemia và các bệnh hemoglobin khác, thiếu máu trong các bệnh mạn tính, thiếu máu nguyên hồng cầu (sideroblastic anemia), suy thận mạn tính, nhiễm độc chì.</div>
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6. Lượng Hb trung bình hồng cầu (mean corpuscular hemoglobin: MCH) : 26-32 pg.</div>
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MHC tăng trong thiếu máu tăng sắc hồng cầu bình thường, chứng hồng cầu hình tròn di truyền nặng, sự có mặt của các yếu tố ngưng kết lạnh.</div>
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MCH giảm trong bắt đầu thiếu máu thiếu sắt, thiếu máu nói chung, thiếu máu đang tái tạo.</div>
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7. Nồng độ Hb trung bình hồng cầu (mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration: MCHC): 32-36 g/ dL</div>
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Trong thiếu máu tăng sắc hồng cầu bình thường, chứng hồng cầu hình tròn di truyền nặng, sự có mặt của các yếu tố ngưng kết lạnh.</div>
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Trong thiếu máu đang tái tạo, có thể bình thường hoặc giảm trong thiếu máu do giảm folate hoặc vitamin B12, xơ gan, nghiện rượu</div>
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8. Độ phân bố hồng cầu (red distribution width: RDW):<br />
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10-16,5%</div>
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- Độ phân bố hồng cầu RDW bình thường và:<br />
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+ MCV tăng, gặp trong: thiếu máu bất sản, trước bệnh bạch cầu.<br />
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+ MCV bình thường, gặp trong: thiếu máu trong các bệnh mạn tính, mất máu hoặc tan máu cấp tính, bệnh enzym hoặc bệnh hemoglobin không thiếu máu.<br />
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+ MCV giảm: thiếu máu trong các bệnh mạn tính, bệnh thalassemia dị hợp tử .<br />
- RDW tăng và:<br />
+ MCV tăng: thiếu hụt vitamin B12, thiếu hụt folate, thiếu máu tan huyết do miễn dịch, ngưng kết lạnh, bệnh bạch cầu lympho mạn.<br />
+ MCV bình thường: thiếu sắt giai đoạn sớm, thiếu hụt vitamin B12 giai đoạn sớm, thiếu hụt folate giai đoạn sớm, thiếu máu do bệnh globin.<br />
- Giảm MCV: thiếu sắt, sự phân mảnh hồng cầu, bệnh HbH, thalassemia.</div>
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9. Số lượng tiểu cấu (platelet count: Plt): 150-450 Giga/L.</div>
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Trong  những rối loạn tăng sinh tuỷ xương: chứng tăng hồng cầu, bệnh bạch cầu dòng tuỷ mạn, chứng tăng tiểu cầu vô căn, xơ hoá tuỷ xương, sau chảy máu, sau phẫu thuật cắt bỏ lách, chứng tăng tiểu cầu dẫn đến các bệnh viêm.</div>
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- Số lượng tiểu cầu trong máu giảm trong:</div>
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+ Giảm sản xuất: ức chế hoặc thay thế tuỷ xương, các chất hoá trị liệu, các thuốc khác, ví dụ: ethanol.</div>
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+ Tăng phá hủy hoặc loại bỏ: chứng phì đại lách, sự đông máu trong lòng mạch rải rác, các kháng thể tiểu cầu (ban xuất huyết do giảm tiểu cầu tự phát, sốt Dengue, ban xuất huyết sau truyền máu, giảm tiểu cầu do miễn dịch đồng loại ở trẻ sơ sinh, các thuốc</div>
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10. Thể tích trung bình tiểu cầu (mean platelet volume: MPV): 6,5-11fL</div>
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Trong  bệnh tim mạch (sau nhồi máu cơ tim, sau tắc  mạch não, đái tháo đường, tiền sản giật, hút thuốc lá, cắt lách, stress, chứng nhiễm độc do tuyến giáp, ...</div>
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Trong thiếu máu do bất sản, thiếu máu nguyên hồng cầu khổng lồ, hoá trị liệu ung thư, bệnh bạch cầu cấp, lupus ban đỏ hệ thống, chứng tăng năng lách, giảm sản tủy xương, dầu cá, chứng tăng tiểu cầu hoạt động.</div>
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11. Khối tiểu cầu (plateletcrit: Pct): 0,1-0,5 %</div>
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Tăng trong ung thư đại trực tràng.</div>
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Giảm trong nghiện rượu, nhiễm nội độc tố.</div>
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12. Độ phân bố tiểu cầu (platelet disrabution width: PDW): 6-18 %</div>
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Trong ung thư phổi (PDW ở ung thư phổi tế bào nhỏ SCLC cao hơn ở ung thư phổi tế bào không nhỏ NSCLC), bệnh hồng cầu liềm, nhiễm khuẩn huyết gram dương, gram âm.</div>
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Giảm trong  nghiện rượu.</div>
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13. Tỷ lệ % bạch cầu trung tính (% neutrophils: NEUT%): 43-76 %</div>
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Trong các nhiễm khuẩn cấp, nhồi máu cơ tim cấp, stress, các ung thư (neoplasms), bệnh bạch cầu dòng tuỷ.</div>
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Trong các nhiễm virus, thiếu máu bất sản, các thuốc ức chế miễn dịch, xạ trị .</div>
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14. Tỷ lệ % bạch cầu lympho (% lymphocytes: LYM%): 17-48%</div>
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Tăng trong nhiễm khuẩn mạn, chứng tăng bạch cầu đơn nhân  do nhiễm khuẩn và nhiễm virus khác, bệnh bạch cầu dòng lympho mạn, bệnh Hodgkin, viêm loét đại tràng, suy tuyến thượng thận, ban xuất huyết do giảm tiểu cầu tự phát ITP.</div>
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Giảm trong hội chứng suy giảm miễn dịch mắc phải (AIDS), ức chế tủy xương do các hoá chất trị liệu, thiếu máu bất sản, các ung thư, các steroid, tăng chức năng vỏ thượng thận, các rối loạn thần kinh (bệnh xơ cứng rải rác, nhược cơ, hội chứng thần kinh ngoại biên do rối loạn tự miễn Guillain-Barré syndrome)</div>
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15. Tỷ lệ % bạch cầu mono (% monocytes: MON%): 4-8%</div>
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Tăng trong các trường hợp bệnh nhiễm virus, nhiễm ký sinh trùng, nhiễm khuẩn, các ung thư, viêm ruột, bệnh bạch cầu dòng monocyte, u lympho, u tuỷ, sarcoidosis, ...</div>
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Giảm trong các trường hợp thiếu máu do bất sản, bệnh bạch cầu dòng lympho, sử dụng glucocorticoid.</div>
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16. Tỷ lệ % bạch cầu ái toan (% eosinophils: EOS%): 0,1-7%</div>
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Tăng trong các trường hợp ưhản ứng dị ứng như sốt, hen hoặc tăng nhạy cảm thuốc.</div>
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Giảm trong các trường hợp: sử dụng các thuốc corticosteroid.</div>
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17. Tỷ lệ % bạch cầu ái kiềm (% basophils: BASO%): 0,1-2,5%</div>
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Trong các trường hợp: các rối loạn dị ứng.</div>
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Trong các trường hợp: sử dụng các thuốc corticosteroid, các phản ứng miễn dịch, nhiễm khuẩn cấp.</div>
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18. Số lượng bạch cầu trung tính (neurophil count hoặc neutrophils: Neut ): 2-6,9 Giga/ L</div>
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Tăng trong các nhiễm khuẩn cấp, nhồi máu cơ tim cấp, stress, các khối u (neoplasms), bệnh bạch cầu dòng tuỷ.</div>
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Trong các trường hợp nhiễm virus, thiếu máu do bất sản, sử dụng các thuốc ức chế miễn dịch, xạ trị.</div>
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19. Số lượng bạch cầu lympho (lymphocyte count hoặc lymphocytes: LYM ) :</div>
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Trong nhiễm khuẩn mạn, chứng tăng bạch cầu đơn nhân  do nhiễm khuẩn và nhiễm virus khác, bệnh bạch cầu dòng lympho mạn, bệnh Hodgkin, viêm loét đại tràng, suy tuyến thượng thận, ban xuất huyết do giảm tiểu cầu tự phát ITP.</div>
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0,6-3,4 Giga/ L</div>
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Giảm trong hội chứng suy giảm miễn dịch mắc phải (AIDS), ức chế tủy xương do các hoá chât trị liệu, thiếu máu bất sản, các khối u, các steroid, tăng chức năng vỏ thượng thận, các rối loạn thần kinh (bệnh xơ cứng rải rác, nhược cơ, hội chứng thần kinh ngoại biên do rối loạn tự miễn Guillain-Barré syndrome).</div>
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20. Số lượng bạch cầu mono</div>
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Trong các bệnh nhiễm virus, nhiễm ký sinh trùng, nhiễm khuẩn, các khối u, viêm ruột, bệnh bạch cầu dòng monocyte, u lympho, u tuỷ.</div>
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(monocyte count hoặc monocytes: MON#):</div>
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Giảm trong thiếu máu do bất sản, bệnh bạch cầu dòng lympho, sử dụng glucocorticoid.</div>
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<br /></div>
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0,0-0,9 Giga/ L</div>
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<br /></div>
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<tr style="height: 85.5pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 85.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
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21. Số lượng bạch cầu ái toan (eosinophil count hoặc eosinophils: EOS#):</div>
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Tăng trong dị ứng, nhiễm ký sinh trùng (bệnh giun xoắn, bệnh nấm aspergillus, bệnh nang sán), bệnh phù thần kinh-mạch, các phản ứng thuốc, nhạy cảm warfarin, các bệnh mạch máu-collagen, hội chứng tăng bạch cầu ái toan cấp, viêm mũi ưa bạch cầu ái toan không do dị ứng, các rối loạn tăng sản tuỷ (u bạch huyết Hodgkin, xạ trị,...</div>
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<br /></div>
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0,0-0,7 Giga/ L</div>
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Giảm trong sử dụng các thuốc corticosteroid.</div>
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<br /></div>
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22. Số lượng bạch cầu ưa base (basophil count hoặc basophils: BASO) :</div>
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Tăng trong bệnh bạch cầu, viêm, chứng đa hồng cầu, Hodgkin's, thiếu máu tan máu, sau cắt lách, dị sản tuỷ xương, chứng phù niêm.</div>
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<br /></div>
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0,0-0,2 Giga/ L</div>
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Giảm trong stress, phản ứng quá mẫn, các steroid, thai nghén, cường giáp, sau xạ trị.</div>
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51</div>
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Nhóm máu</div>
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-        Kiểm tra sức khoẻ, ngoại khoa, sản khoa, nội khoa,...</div>
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<br /></div>
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ABO, nhóm</div>
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-        Truyền máu</div>
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<br /></div>
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máu Rh</div>
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-        Bất thường nhóm máu mẹ- con</div>
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52</div>
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Huyết đồ</div>
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Các bệnh lý về máu và cơ quan tạo máu: ung thư  máu, thiếu máu, suy tuỷ...</div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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Tuỷ đồ</div>
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53</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
Máu lắng</div>
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-     Tăng trong viêm khớp, các tình trạng viêm nhiễm.</div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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-     Giảm trong đa hồng cầu, cô máu, ...</div>
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54</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
Tập trung bạch cầu</div>
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Phát hiện sớm các bệnh về máu (ung thư máu, suy tủy, RLST?).</div>
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<tr style="height: 14.25pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
55</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
Tế bào Hargraves</div>
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Lupus ban đỏ, miễn dịch dị ứng...</div>
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<tr style="height: 28.5pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
56</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
Đông máu toàn bộ</div>
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Xét nghiệm tổng hợp để chẩn đoán, đánh giá các bệnh lý rối loạn về đông  - cầm máu.</div>
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57</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
Thời gian Howell</div>
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Xác định rối loạn đông máu theo con đường nội sinh.</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 57pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 57pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
58</div>
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Thời gian Prothrombin (PT = thời gian Quick), tỷ lệ Prothrombin ,  chỉ số INR</div>
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Xác định rối loạn đông máu theo con đường ngoại sinh.</div>
</td></tr>
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59</div>
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Tiêu thụ Prothrombin</div>
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Xác định các rối loạn đông máu.</div>
</td></tr>
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60</div>
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Đo độ ngưng tập tiểu cầu</div>
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Đánh giá chất lượng tiểu cầu.</div>
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61</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
Nghiệm pháp Rượu; D-Dimer</div>
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Xác định đông máu nội mạch lan toả.</div>
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62</div>
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Nghiệm pháp</div>
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Đánh giá tình trạng tiêu sợi huyết.</div>
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<br /></div>
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Von-Kaulla, FDP</div>
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<br /></div>
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63</div>
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Thời gian Cephalin kaolin</div>
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Xác định rối loạn đông máu theo con đường nội sinh.</div>
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64</div>
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Co cục máu</div>
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Đánh giá tình trạng tiểu cầu, của fibrin, yếu tố XIII.</div>
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65</div>
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Máu chảy, máu đông</div>
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Đánh giá tình trạng đông, cầm máu.</div>
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66</div>
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Các yếu tố đông máu<br />
(VIII, IX)</div>
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Chẩn đoán các rối loạn đông máu và bệnh ưa chảy máu.</div>
</td></tr>
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67</div>
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Sắt huyết thanh (Iron)<br />
<br />
- Nam: 11-28 µmol/L<br />
<br />
- Nữ:   6,6-26 µmol/L</div>
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- Thiếu máu do tan máu, thiếu máu Biermer ; hội chứng nhiễm sắt huyết tố (Hemochromatosis).<br />
<br />
- Trong một số bệnh nhiễm khuẩn, ung thư, bệnh chất tạo keo.<br />
<br />
- Viêm gan cấp tính (tăng cao nhất vào khoảng ngày thứ 15 rồi giảm dần vào tuần thứ 4 -6 của bệnh),</div>
</td></tr>
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68</div>
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Ferritin<br />
- Nam: 67-899 pmol/L<br />
- Nữ <50 tuổi:<br />
34-377 pmol/L<br />
>50 tuổi: như giá trị của nam.</div>
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- Tăng trong bệnh nhiễm sắc sắt tố mô, thiếu máu (ác tính, tan máu, Thalassemia), bệnh bạch cầu (Leucemia) cấp, đợt tiến triển của Leucemia mạn, u lympho (lymphoma),  u tủy, Hodgkin, nhiễm trùng cấp và  mạn, tổn thương mô, …<br />
- Giảm trong thiếu máu thiếu sắt (iron deficiency anemia).</div>
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69</div>
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Transferrin<br />
25,2-45,4 mmol/L</div>
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- Transferrin là một glycoprotein có khối lượng phân tử 79570 Da, là một protein vận chuyển sắt trong huyết thanh.<br />
- Mức độ transferrin huyết thanh giảm khi sắt dự trữ giảm.</div>
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70</div>
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TfS (Transferrin saturation )<br />
Nam =  20-50%<br />
Nữ    =  15-50%</div>
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Trong thiếu hụt sắt, độ bão hoà transferrin (= sắt huyết thanh/ transferrin) giảm là một chỉ dẫn rất nhạy của thiếu sắt.</div>
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71</div>
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TIBC</div>
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Khả năng gắn sắt toàn phần (TIBC) là tổng lượng sắt huyết thanh và khả năng gắn sắt không bão hoà (UIBC). Như vậy, TIBC là nồng độ sắt tối đa mà transferrin có khả năng gắn.</div>
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<br /></div>
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(Total iron- binding capacity)</div>
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TIBC tăng và độ bão hoà transferrin giảm trong thiếu máu, thiếu sắt.</div>
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<br /></div>
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43,0-80,6 µmol/L (240-450µg/dL)</div>
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Sắt huyết thanh giảm và TIBC giảm là đặc điểm của thiếu máu do các rối loạn mạn tính, ung thư hoặc do các nhiễm trùng.</div>
</td></tr>
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72</div>
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UIBC (Unsaturated iron-binding capacity)<br />
20-62 mmol/L</div>
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- Khả năng gắn sắt không bão hoà (UIBC) là số lượng sắt có thể gắn thêm được vào transferrin. UIBC cùng sắt huyết thanh, TIBC và ferritin được sử dụng để đánh giá xem có hay không sự thiếu hụt sắt.</div>
</td></tr>
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73</div>
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sTfR (Soluble transferrin receptor)<br />
<br />
9,6-29,6 nmol/L</div>
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Receptor của transferrin hoà tan (rTfR) là một protein xuyên màng thấy ở tất cả các tế bào. Nó có vai trò là cung cấp sắt cho tế bào bằng cách gắn transferrin chứa sắt vào bề mặt tế bào và vận chuyển sắt vào bên trong tế bào.<br />
<br />
Việc xác định nồng độ rTfR huyết thanh có ý nghĩa trong:<br />
<br />
+ rTfR tăng sinh hồng cầu quá mạnh như trong thiếu máu tan máu tự miễn,  chứng tăng hồng cầu và Thalassemia.<br />
<br />
+ rTfR huyết thanh cũng tăng trong thiếu máu thiếu sắt, đặc biệt là thiếu máu do bệnh mạn tính.</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 14.25pt;"><td colspan="3" style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: black; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 552.6pt;" width="737"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
Mô bệnh học</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 85.5pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 85.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
74</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 85.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
Tế bào học</div>
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- Hạch đồ.<br />
<br />
- các khối u.<br />
<br />
- Các loại dịch (dịch màng phổi, ổ bụng, khớp, dịch âm đạo, cổ tử cung).</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 14.25pt;"><td colspan="3" style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: black; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 552.6pt;" width="737"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
Chẩn đoán viêm nhiễm, ung thư, u lành tính.</div>
</td></tr>
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75</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
Mô bệnh học</div>
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- Làm với tất cả các tổ chức: hạch, vú, tuyến giáp, dạ dày, xương, các tổ chức khác...</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 28.5pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 361.45pt;" width="482"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
- Chẩn đoán viêm nhiễm, ung thư, u lành tính? K (ung thư) tế bào gan nguyên phát, K tế bào mầm.</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 199.5pt;"><td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 199.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
76</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 199.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
Hormon giáp<br />
<br />
- Free T3<br />
<br />
- Free T4<br />
<br />
- TSH<br />
<br />
- TPO<br />
<br />
- Anti TPO<br />
<br />
- TG<br />
- Anti TG</div>
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Chẩn đoán chức năng tuyến giáp:<br />
<br />
- Tăng trong cường giáp (Basedow), bướu giáp độc.<br />
<br />
- Giảm trong nhược giáp, người lớn nhược giáp bẩm sinh, bướu cổ đơn thuần: T3, T4.<br />
<br />
- Bình thường.</div>
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Hormon sinh dục<br />
<br />
- LH<br />
<br />
- Estradion<br />
<br />
- Corticoid<br />
<br />
- Testosteron<br />
<br />
- Progesteron<br />
<br />
- Androstenedion<br />
<br />
- Virus viêm gan</div>
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Xác định các rối loạn về hormon sinh dục và giới tính trong các trường hợp như : thiểu năng tinh hoàn, u nang tinh hoàn, thiểu năng buồng trứng, thiểu năng nhau thai, buồng trứng không phát triển, bế kinh do u nang nội tiết.</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 42.75pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 42.75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 42.75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 42.75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 361.45pt;" width="482"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
- Giảm trong nhược giáp, người lớn nhược giáp bẩm sinh, bướu cổ đơn thuần: T3, T4.<br />
- Bình thường.</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 14.25pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
77</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
HBsAg</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 361.45pt;" width="482"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
- Kháng nguyên bề mặt virus viêm gan B.</div>
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<tr style="height: 28.5pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 361.45pt;" width="482"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
- xét nghiệm chỉ điểm sớm nhất để chẩn đoán và theo dõi viêm gan B.</div>
</td></tr>
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<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
HBV DNA</div>
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Chỉ điểm chắc chắn  đang có virus viêm gan B có trong máu bệnh nhân.</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 42.75pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 42.75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 42.75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
HBeAg</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 42.75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 361.45pt;" width="482"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
Xét nghiệm theo dõi kháng nguyên sớm nhân lên của virus viêm gan B, có giá trị theo dõi sự đang nhân lên của virus viêm gan B.</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 28.5pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
HBeAb</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 361.45pt;" width="482"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
Xét nghiệm theo dõi kháng thể chống kháng nguyên sớm của virus viêm gan B đang nhân lên.</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 14.25pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
(Anti HBe)</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 361.45pt;" width="482"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 42.75pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 42.75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 42.75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
HBsAb</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 42.75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 361.45pt;" width="482"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
HBsAb (hay Anti HBs) là kháng thể chống kháng nguyên bề mặt viêm gan B, thể hiện sự có miễn dịch với viêm gan B, sử dụng trong theo dõi trong tiêm phòng vacxin.</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 14.25pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
(Anti HBs)</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 361.45pt;" width="482"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 28.5pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
78</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
HBcAb</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 361.45pt;" width="482"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
Kháng thể chống kháng nguyên lõi viêm gan B, xác định tình trạng viêm gan B (cấp, mạn tính).</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 14.25pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
(Anti HBc)</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 361.45pt;" width="482"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 28.5pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
79</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
HAVAb</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 361.45pt;" width="482"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
Kháng thể chống kháng nguyên của vius týp A, có giá trị xác định hội chứng miễn dịch với viêm gan A.</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 14.25pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
(Anti HAV)</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 361.45pt;" width="482"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 28.5pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
HAV-IgM</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 361.45pt;" width="482"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
Kháng thể IgM chống viêm gan virus týp A, chẩn đoán viêm gan A cấp.</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 28.5pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
80</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
HCVAb</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 361.45pt;" width="482"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
Kháng thể chống virus viêm gan týp C, chẩn đoán, theo dõi viêm gan C.</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 14.25pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
(Anti HCV)</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 361.45pt;" width="482"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 28.5pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
81</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
HDVAb</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 361.45pt;" width="482"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
Kháng thể chống virus viêm gan týp D, chẩn đoán, theo dõi viêm gan D.</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 14.25pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
(Anti HDV)</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 361.45pt;" width="482"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 28.5pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
Xét nghiệm dấu ấn ung thư</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 361.45pt;" width="482"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 14.25pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
82</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
CEA</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 361.45pt;" width="482"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
- CEA là một thành phần của màng nhày đại trực tràng.</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 28.5pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
0-10 ng/ ml</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 361.45pt;" width="482"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
- Tăng trong K đường tiêu hoá như: K thực quản, dạ dày, gan, tuỵ, đại trực tràng, vú, buồng trứng, cổ tử cung, tuyến giáp.</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 28.5pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 361.45pt;" width="482"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
- Có thể tăng không nhiều trong polyp đại tràng, viêm ruột non, viêm tuỵ, suy thận mạn.</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 28.5pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
83</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
AFP</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 361.45pt;" width="482"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
- AFP huyết tương tăng trong K tế bào gan nguyên phát, K tế bào mầm (tinh hoàn).</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 42.75pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 42.75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 42.75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
0-7 ng/ ml</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 42.75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 361.45pt;" width="482"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
- Giá trị chính của AFP là theo dõi tiến trình bệnh và hiệu quả điều trị K tế bào gan nguyên phát, K tinh hoàn sau điều trị phẫu thuật, xạ trị hoặc hoá trị liệu.</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 14.25pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 361.45pt;" width="482"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
- AFP huyết tương có thể tăng trong viêm gan, xơ gan.</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 28.5pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
84</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
PSA</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 361.45pt;" width="482"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
- PSA huyết tương tăng trong K tuyến tiền liệt; có thể tăng trong u phì đại, viêm tuyến tiền liệt.</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 42.75pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 42.75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 42.75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
0-10 U/ L</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 42.75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 361.45pt;" width="482"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
- PSA có giá trị trong tầm soát K tuyến tiền liệt, thường được sử dụng kết hợp với chụp trực tràng, siêu âm và sinh thiết  (biopsy) ở những đàn ông trên 50 tuổi.</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 42.75pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 42.75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
85</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 42.75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
CA 125</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 42.75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 361.45pt;" width="482"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
- CA 125 huyết tương tăng trong K buồng trứng, K cổ tử cung; có thể tăng trong các bệnh lý thanh dịch như cổ trướng, viêm màng tim, viêm màng phổi, viêm màng bụng,...</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 42.75pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 42.75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 42.75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
0-35 U/ ml</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 42.75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 361.45pt;" width="482"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
- CA 125 có vai trò chủ yếu trong chẩn  đoán  K buồng trứng, đánh giá sự  thành công của điều trị và theo dõi tiến trình của  bệnh.</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 28.5pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
86</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
CA 15-3</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 361.45pt;" width="482"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
- CA 15-3 huyết tương tăng trong K vú, có thể tăng trong u vú lành tính, viêm gan, viêm tuỵ.</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 42.75pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 42.75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 42.75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
0-32 U/ ml</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 42.75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 361.45pt;" width="482"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
- CA 15-3 là một marker hữu ích để theo dõi tiến trình bệnh ở bệnh nhân K vú di căn. Xét nghiệm này không phù hợp cho việc chẩn đoán vì độ nhạy quá thấp khi K vú chưa có di căn.</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 28.5pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
87</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
CA 72-4</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 361.45pt;" width="482"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
- CA 72-4 huyết tương tăng trong K dạ dày, có thể tăng trong xơ gan, viêm tuỵ, viêm phổi, thấp khớp.</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 14.25pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
0-5,4 U/ ml</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 361.45pt;" width="482"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
- được sử dụng để theo dõi và hiệu quả điều trị K dạ dày.</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 99.75pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 99.75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
88</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 99.75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
CA 19-9<br />
<br />
0-33 U/ ml</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 99.75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 361.45pt;" width="482"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
- CA 19-9 huyết tương tăng trong các K đường tiêu hoá như  K gan (thể cholangiom), đường mật, dạ dày, tuỵ và đại trực tràng.<br />
<br />
- CA 19-9 huyết tương cũng có thể tăng trong viêm gan, viêm tuỵ, đái tháo đường, xơ gan, tắc mật.<br />
<br />
- Vai trò chủ yếu của CA 19-9</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 114pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 114pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
89</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 114pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
CT (Calcitonin) hoặc hCT (Human Calcitonin)<br />
<br />
0,2 - 17 pg/ ml</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 114pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 361.45pt;" width="482"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
- CT là một hormon peptid được bài tiết bởi tế bào parafolliculaar C của tuyến giáp.<br />
<br />
- CT đặc hiệu cho chẩn đoán và theo dõi ung thư vùng tuỷ tuyến giáp (C-cell carcinoma).<br />
<br />
- CT huyết tương tăng trong K tuyến giáp; có thể tăng trong suy thận mạn, bệnh P</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 28.5pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
90</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
TG (Thyroglobulin)<br />
1,4 - 78 ng/ ml</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 361.45pt;" width="482"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
- TG huyết  tương tăng trong K tuyến giáp, có thể tăng trong u lành tuyến giáp.</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 142.5pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 142.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
91</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 142.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
β2-M (β2-Microglobulin)<br />
<br />
0 - 2000 µg/ L</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 142.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 361.45pt;" width="482"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
- β2-M huyết tương tăng trong K hệ lympho như :<br />
<br />
+ U lympho (lymphoma) hoặc đa u tuỷ xương (multiple myeloma),<br />
<br />
+ U lympho Hodgkin (Hodgkin lymphoma),<br />
<br />
+ U lympho không Hodgkin (No-Hodgkin lymphoma).<br />
<br />
- β2-M huyết tương cũng tăng trong nhiễm khuẩn, một số</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 42.75pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 42.75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
92</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 42.75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
β-hCG<br />
0 - 5 U/ L</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 42.75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 361.45pt;" width="482"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
- β-hCG được sử dụng để chẩn đoán, theo dõi hiệu quả điều trị u tế bào mầm nhau thai và tinh hoàn, cũng được sử dụng chẩn đoán u tế bào mầm ngoài sinh dục.</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 57pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 57pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 57pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 57pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 361.45pt;" width="482"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
- β-hCG và hCG huyết tương tăng trong K tế bào mầm như  K tinh hoàn ở  nam và K nhau thai (choriocarcinoma) ở nữ; trong quá trình thai nghén bình thường, chửa trứng hoặc dùng thuốc chống co giật, an thần, chống Parkinson</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 28.5pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
93</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
SCC (SCCA)<br />
0- 3 µg/ L</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 361.45pt;" width="482"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
- SCC không phù hợp cho mục đích tầm soát ung thư tế bào vẩy Vì độ nhạy và độ đặc hiệu thấp.</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 42.75pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 42.75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 42.75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 42.75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 361.45pt;" width="482"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
- Tuy nhiên, SCC có thể được sử dụng để theo dõi tiến trình bệnh và đánh giá đáp ứng điều trị K tế bào vẩy (K cổ tử cung, thực quản) nguyên phát và tái phát.</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 14.25pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 361.45pt;" width="482"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
- SCC huyết tương cũng có thể tăng trong tắc nghẽn phổi, hen.</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 28.5pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
94</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
MCA<br />
0-15 U/ ml</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 361.45pt;" width="482"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
- MCA hữu ích cho theo dõi di căn ở bệnh nhân ung thư vú.</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 28.5pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 361.45pt;" width="482"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
- MCA không sử dụng cho chẩn đoán hoặc tầm soát K vú Vì độ nhạy và độ đặc hiệu thấp.</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 28.5pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 361.45pt;" width="482"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
- MCA huyết tương cũng có thể tăng trong bệnh tuyến vú lành tính, khi có thai hoặc bệnh gan mật.</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 42.75pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 42.75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
95</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 42.75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
MSA<br />
121-128,9 U/ml</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 42.75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 361.45pt;" width="482"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
- MSA huyết tương tăng theo giai đoạn của ung thư vú, được sử dụng để theo dõi diễn biến của bệnh và đánh giá đáp ứng đối với điều trị bằng hormon và hoá trị liệu.</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 28.5pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 361.45pt;" width="482"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
- MSA huyết tương cũng tăng trong các ung thư khác như K phổi, K đại tràng, K tuỵ, K tuyến (adenocarcinogen),...</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 14.25pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 361.45pt;" width="482"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
- MSA huyết tương cũng tăng nhẹ trong u vú lành tính.</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 28.5pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
96</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
CYFRA 21-1<br />
0 - 3,3 U/ L</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 361.45pt;" width="482"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
- CYFRA 21-1 huyết tương tăng trong K phổi (tế bào không nhỏ), bàng quang (dấu ấn lựa chọn 2).</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 42.75pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 42.75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 42.75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 42.75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 361.45pt;" width="482"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
- CYFRA 21-1 được sử dụng để chẩn đoán đánh giá đáp ứng điều trị và theo dõi diễn biến của K phổi tế bào nhỏ; nó cũng được sử dụng để theo dõi diễn biến K bàng quang.</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 28.5pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 361.45pt;" width="482"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
- CYFRA 21-1 huyết tương cũng có thể tăng trong một số bệnh phổi, thận.</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 14.25pt;"><td colspan="3" style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: black; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 552.6pt;" width="737"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
Bệnh xã hội</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 14.25pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
97</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
Opiate</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 361.45pt;" width="482"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
Chẩn đoán, theo dõi nghiện ma tuý.</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 28.5pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
(thuốc phiện, heroin, morphin, codein)</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 361.45pt;" width="482"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 14.25pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
98</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
Soi dịch âm đạo</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 361.45pt;" width="482"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
Tìm trichomonas, nấm, vi khuẩn, Gardnerella vaginalis.</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 28.5pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
99</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
Giang mai (các kỹ thuật :  RPR, TPHA, VDRL)</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 361.45pt;" width="482"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
Sử dụng để chẩn đoán nhiễm xoắn khuẩn, bệnh giang mai.</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 14.25pt;"><td colspan="3" style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: black; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 552.6pt;" width="737"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
Chẩn đoán các bệnh về khớp</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 57pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 57pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
100</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 57pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
g-latex định  lượng (Gamma Latex) = RF-Q (rheumatoid factors-quantitative determination)</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 57pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 361.45pt;" width="482"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
- Đây là phương pháp đo độ đục miễn dịch (Latex immunoturbidimetric method) để định lượng các yếu tố thấp RF (rheumatoid factors) trong huyết thanh bệnh nhân.</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 28.5pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
0-12 U/L</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 361.45pt;" width="482"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
- Yếu tố thấp (RF) có mặt ở phần lớn các bệnh nhân bị viêm đa khớp mạn tiến triển (evolutive chronicle poli-arthritis).</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 57pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 57pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 57pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 57pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 361.45pt;" width="482"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
- Phương pháp ngưng kết latex cho phép phân biệt viêm đa khớp mạn tiến triển với bệnh thấp khớp (articulation rhematism) hoặc với sốt thấp (rheumatic fever), 2 bệnh này RF không có mặt trong huyết thanh.</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 57pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 57pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
101</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 57pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
ASLO<br />
0 - 200 U/mL</div>
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- ASLO (antistrptolysin O) là xét nghiệm huyết thanh đo lượng Kháng thể Kháng liên cầu khuẩn xuất hiện trong máu.<br />
- ASLO được sử dụng để chẩn đoán viêm khớp, thấp khớp, thấp tim, nhiễm trùng liên cầu.</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 57pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 57pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
102</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 57pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
CRP</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 57pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 361.45pt;" width="482"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
- CRP huyết thanh tăng trong các phản ứng viêm cấp như nhồi máu cơ tim, tắc mạch, nhiễm khuẩn, bệnh mạn tính như bệnh khớp, viêm ruột, cũng như trong một số ung thư như bệnh Hodgkin, K thận.</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 28.5pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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- CRP dùng để đánh giá mức độ nặng và tiên lượng của viêm tuỵ cấp.</div>
</td></tr>
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103</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 57pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
TNF-a</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 57pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 361.45pt;" width="482"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
- Vai trò  chủ yếu của TNF-a là điều hoà hoạt động của các tế bào miễn dịch. Nó cũng có vai trò cảm ứng sự chết ủa tế bào theo chương trình, cảm ứng sự viêm và ức chế sự tạo khối u và sự sao chép của virus.</div>
</td></tr>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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- TNF-a tăng trong nhiễm trùng liên cầu, sốt thấp khớp, bệnh tự miễn.</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 14.25pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 361.45pt;" width="482"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
Vô sinh nam</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 342pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 342pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
104</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 342pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
Đánh giá tinh dịch đồ</div>
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Đánh giá số lượng, chất lượng tinh trùng, chẩn đoán vô sinh (đối chiếu tinh dịch đồ bình thường). Có tình trạng bất bình thường, có thể liên quan đến khả năng sinh sản khi:<br />
<br />
- < 20 triệu tinh trùng: giảm tinh trùng<br />
<br />
- < 1 triệu tinh trùng: ẩn tinh trùng<br />
<br />
- > 250 triệu tinh trùng: đa tinh trùng<br />
<br />
- < 50% tinh trùng di động về phía trước (loại a và b) và < 20% tinh trùng loại a: suy nhược tinh trùng<br />
<br />
- < 30% tinh trùng có hình dạng bình thường: dị dạng tinh trùng.<br />
<br />
- không có tinh trùng trong tinh dịch: không có tinh trùng.<br />
<br />
- Thể tích tinh dịch < 2mL: ít tinh dịch<br />
<br />
- Thể tích tinh dịch > 6mL: nhiều tinh dịch<br />
<br />
- không có tinh dịch: không có phóng tinh.<br />
<br />
- có hồng cầu trong tinh dịch: tinh dịch có máu</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 14.25pt;"><td colspan="3" style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: black; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 552.6pt;" width="737"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
Xét nghiệm vi sinh - virus - vi khuẩn</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 14.25pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
105</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
Soi nấm</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 361.45pt;" width="482"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
Nấm da, nấm tóc, nấm cổ tử cung.</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 42.75pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 42.75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
106</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 42.75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
Cấy nước tiểu, cấy máu, dịch các loại làm kháng sinh đồ,</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 42.75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 361.45pt;" width="482"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
Tìm vi khuẩn gây bệnh, dùng kháng sinh thích hợp.</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 28.5pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
107</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
Cấy phân, làm kháng sinh đồ, vi khuẩn chí,</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 361.45pt;" width="482"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
Tìm vi khuẩn gây tiêu chảy, rối loạn tiêu hoá, dùng kháng sinh thích hợp.</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 14.25pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 361.45pt;" width="482"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
Xét nghiệm vi sinh - virus - vi khuẩn</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 14.25pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
108</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
Sốt xuất huyết "Dengue"</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 361.45pt;" width="482"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
Phát hiện chủng Dengue trong máu để điều trị đặc hiệu.</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 14.25pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
109</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
Tìm máu trong phân</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 361.45pt;" width="482"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
Giúp xác định chảy máu đường tiêu hoá.</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 14.25pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
110</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
Ký sinh trùng đường ruột</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 361.45pt;" width="482"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
Chẩn đoán giun đũa, giun móc, giun tóc.</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 14.25pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
111</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
Ký sinh trùng sốt rét</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 361.45pt;" width="482"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
Chẩn đoán sốt rét.</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 14.25pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
112</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
Tìm ấu trùng giun chỉ</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 361.45pt;" width="482"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
Chẩn đoán bệnh giun chỉ.</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 14.25pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
113</div>
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Sán lá gan nhỏ</div>
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Sán lá gan nhỏ gây bệnh cho người và chó mèo.</div>
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<tr style="height: 28.5pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
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(huyết thanh)</div>
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Ở người, sán lá gan nhỏ làm tắc, viêm ống mật và túi mật ; nếu quá nhiều có thể gây viêm gan, xơ gan, có thể gây viêm tụy.</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 42.75pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 42.75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
114</div>
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Sán lá gan to</div>
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Ở người, sán lá gan lớn  ký sinh ở hệ thống tĩnh mạch cửa, con cái đi ngược dòng máu,  chảy tới những huyết quản nhỏ và đẻ ở tĩnh mạch cửa đó.</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 14.25pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
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( huyết thanh)</div>
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<br /></div>
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115</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
Soi đờm tìm BK</div>
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Chẩn đoán bệnh lao phổi.</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 28.5pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
116</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
Phản ứng: Mantoux, TB test</div>
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Phát hiện kháng thể chống lao.</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 28.5pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
117</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
Soi đờm, phân, tìm trứng sán lá phổi</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 361.45pt;" width="482"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
Chẩn đoán bệnh sán lá phổi.</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 28.5pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
118</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
Dịch não tuỷ:</div>
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Giúp chẩn đoán bệnh viêm màng não, viêm não, xuất huyết não, u tuỷ.</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 14.25pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 361.45pt;" width="482"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
phản ứng Pandy, protein, ure, glucose.</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 14.25pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.25pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 361.45pt;" width="482"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
Nhuộm hoá học tế bào</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 99.75pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 99.75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
119</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 99.75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
Esterase đặc hiệu<br />
- Myelo peroxidase<br />
- Periodic acid Schiff (PAS)<br />
- Soudan đen<br />
- Granulocyte alkaline phosphatase (GAP)</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 99.75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 361.45pt;" width="482"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
Xác định các dòng tế bào ung thư máu.</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 28.5pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
120</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 28.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.55pt;" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
Các marker bạch cầu: CD4, CD8,</div>
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- Biết được giảm miễn dịch trong HIV (AIDS), CD4 giảm nặng, tỷ lệ CD4/CD8 giảm nặng.</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 99.75pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 99.75pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
121</div>
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Các enzym chống oxy hóa<br />
SOD: 876-1328 U/ gHb<br />
GPx: 41-76 U/ gHb<br />
GR: 5,4-10,0 U/ gHb<br />
TAS:1,07-1,96 mmol/L<br />
MDA:1,75-3,07 nmol/ml</div>
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- Đánh giá khả năng chống oxy hoá của cơ thể trong nhiều bệnh lý và hội chứng toàn thể: tuổi già, ung thư, nhiễm bột, ngộ độc thuốc, uống rượu nhiều, quá tải sắt, bệnh miễn dịch, suy dinh dưỡng,...<br />
<br />
- Đánh giá khả năng chống oxy hoá của cơ thể trong nhiều</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 409.5pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 409.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 31.6pt;" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
122</div>
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Sàng lọc trước sinh Hội chứng Down, Hội chứng Edward hoặc dị tật ống thần kinh</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 409.5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 361.45pt;" width="482"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
Sàng lọc trước sinh Hội chứng (HC) Down hoặc Hội chứng Edward: khi thai phụ > 35 tuổi, hoặc bệnh sử có con dị tật bẩm sinh.<br />
<br />
- Quý 1 của thai kỳ (11-14 tuần): cần thử double test: b-hCG và PAPP-A.<br />
<br />
+ Ngưỡng nguy cơ đối với HC Down :<br />
<br />
b-hCG ≥ 2 MoM (multiples of the median = các bội số của trung vị) và PAPP-A ≤ 0,3 MoM.<br />
<br />
+ Ngưỡng nguy cơ đối với HC Edward :<br />
<br />
b-hCG ≤ 0,2 MoM và PAPP-A ≤ 0,2 MoM.<br />
<br />
- Quý 2 của thai kỳ (15-22 tuần): cần thử triple test: AFP, b-hCG, uE3.<br />
<br />
+ Ngưỡng nguy cơ đối với HC Down là AFP≤ 0,7 MoM, b-hCG ≥ 2 MoM, uE3 ≤ 0,7 MoM;<br />
<br />
+ Ngưỡng nguy cơ đối với HC Edward là AFP≤ 0,7 MoM, b-hCG ≤ 0,7 MoM, uE3 ≤ 0,7 MoM.<br />
<br />
Hội chứng trên được một phần mềm máy vi tính chuyên dụng tính toán,  người thày thuốc sẽ căn cứ vào kết quả sàng lọc trước sinh này  để quyết định chẩn đoán thêm bằng cho chọc ối (lấy 10-20 ml dịch ối) để chẩn đoán xác định bằng Kỹ thuật lai tại chỗ huỳnh quang hoặc Nhiễm sắc thể đồ nếu phát hiện:<br />
<br />
+ 3 nhiễm sắc thể 21 (Trisomy 21), đó là Hội chứng Down;<br />
<br />
+ 3 nhiễm sắc thể 18 (Trisomy 18) hoặc chuyển đoạn nhiễm sắc thể 18 sang nhiễm sắc thể 14, đó là Hội chứng Edward.<br />
<br />
Cũng có thể phát hiện các dị tật ống thần kinh (Neural tube defects: NTD) ở quý 2 của thai kỳ khi AFP ≥  2,5 MoM và nhờ siêu âm.</div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</h1>
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